Sun Tzu – The Art of War 1.3

The art of war, then, is governed by five
constant factors, to be taken into account in one’s deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions
obtaining in the field.

“The Art of War,” written by the Chinese general and strategist Sun Tzu over two thousand years ago, remains a timeless classic on military strategy and tactics. One of the most famous quotes from this text is: “The art of war is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one’s deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field.”

The five constant factors that Sun Tzu refers to are:

1. The Moral Law: Refers to the general discipline and values that govern an army or a state. The moral law encompasses the principles of loyalty, courage, and discipline that form the foundation of a successful military campaign.
2. Heaven: Refers to the weather and environmental conditions that can affect an army’s ability to move and fight. Understanding the weather patterns and terrain is essential for devising effective strategies.
3. Earth: Refers to the physical characteristics of the battlefield, including topography, vegetation, and infrastructure. Knowledge of the terrain can help an army to exploit its advantages and minimize its weaknesses.
4. The Commander: Refers to the leader of the army, who must possess the knowledge, experience, and strategic vision to guide his troops to victory. The commander must be able to adapt to changing circumstances and anticipate his opponent’s moves.
5. Method and Discipline: Refers to the organization, training, and discipline of the troops. A well-trained and disciplined army is essential for success on the battlefield.

By taking these five constant factors into account, a general or commander can make informed decisions about strategy and tactics. Sun Tzu’s advice is still relevant today, not only in the military context but also in business, sports, and politics. Understanding these constant factors and how they apply to various situations can help individuals and organizations to achieve their goals and succeed in their endeavors.