Sun Tzu – The Art of War 10.21

The natural formation of the country is the soldier’s best ally; but a power of estimating the adversary, of controlling the forces of victory, and of shrewdly calculating difficulties, dangers and distances, constitutes the test of a great general.

In this section, Sun Tzu underscores the idea that the natural terrain and geography of a battlefield can be a significant advantage for a military force. However, he equally emphasizes that the true measure of a great general lies in their ability to assess the situation accurately, control the variables of victory, and make astute calculations regarding difficulties, dangers, and distances.

Key Points:

1. Natural Formation as an Ally: Sun Tzu acknowledges the importance of the battlefield’s natural formation. A well-chosen battleground can provide advantages such as defensive positions, cover, and strategic vantage points. A prudent commander leverages these natural advantages.
2. Estimation of the Adversary: Understanding the enemy’s capabilities, intentions, and strategies is a cornerstone of military success. Great generals excel in assessing the adversary accurately, allowing them to formulate effective countermeasures.
3. Control of Victory Factors: Sun Tzu alludes to the idea that a great general possesses the ability to control factors that contribute to victory. This includes not only military assets but also elements like morale, logistics, and intelligence.
4. Shrewd Calculations: A great general excels in making shrewd calculations regarding difficulties, dangers, and distances. This involves evaluating the risks and challenges posed by the battlefield, logistics, and the enemy’s movements.

Modern Applications:

The principles elucidated in this section of “The Art of War” find resonance in various contemporary domains:

1. Leadership: Effective leaders in any field must possess the ability to assess situations, understand the competition or challenges, and make informed decisions accordingly.
2. Business Strategy: In the business world, understanding market dynamics, competitors, and economic landscapes is essential for devising successful strategies.
3. Project Management: Project managers must calculate potential risks and challenges while leveraging the advantages of the project’s natural environment.
4. Sports Strategy: Coaches and teams benefit from understanding the strengths and weaknesses of their opponents and devising game plans accordingly.
5. Environmental Stewardship: Environmentalists and policymakers must assess the natural landscape’s characteristics and vulnerabilities when planning conservation efforts.

In essence, Sun Tzu’s teachings in this section emphasize the critical importance of combining a keen understanding of the natural environment with the intellectual prowess of a great general. This fusion of astute judgment, strategic thinking, and an appreciation of the tactical advantages of the terrain can lead to success in warfare, business, leadership, and various other fields where strategy and decision-making play pivotal roles.