Sun Tzu – The Art Of War 2.12

When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions.

In Chapter 2, verse 12, Sun Tzu discusses how the excessive taxation and extraction of resources from the peasantry can lead to their impoverishment. When an army is in close proximity to a population, prices tend to go up due to the increase in demand for goods and services. This causes the people’s resources to be drained away as they struggle to meet the rising prices. The resulting poverty leads to heavy exactions, or the imposition of excessive demands or taxes, which only worsens their condition.

The impact of heavy exactions on the peasantry has far-reaching consequences. Sun Tzu recognized that the strength of an army relies on the support and cooperation of the people. An impoverished population would not only hinder the army’s ability to gather resources but also reduce their willingness to provide support. It would also lead to social unrest and the possibility of rebellion against the ruling power.

Therefore, Sun Tzu advises against imposing excessive demands on the peasantry. He emphasizes that the welfare of the people must be prioritized even during times of war. Sun Tzu advocates for the maintenance of the economy and the people’s livelihoods, for a prosperous and stable population is a valuable resource for the success of the military.

This principle can be applied beyond warfare, to any organization or society. The welfare of the people must always be a top priority, and leaders must ensure that their actions do not result in the impoverishment or suffering of the population. By maintaining the welfare of the people, an organization or society can thrive and achieve success in the long run.

In conclusion, Sun Tzu’s emphasis on the importance of the welfare of the people in Chapter 2, verse 12, reflects his deep understanding of the interdependence between the military, the people, and the economy. It serves as a reminder that leaders must prioritize the welfare of the people, even during times of crisis, to ensure long-term success and prosperity.